Materiales compuestos fabricados aditivamente bajo carga biaxial: revisión sistemática de su caracterización, modelado y predicción de falla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.26500Palabras clave:
Comportamiento mecánico; criterios de falla; ensayos biaxiales; fabricación aditiva; materiales compuestos.Resumen
La fabricación aditiva de polímeros reforzados con fibras ofrece nuevas posibilidades para el diseño estructural; sin embargo, su respuesta bajo carga biaxial permanece dispersa y poco consolidada. Esta revisión sistemática analiza polímeros reforzados con fibras fabricados aditivamente y sometidos a cargas biaxiales. Se buscaron publicaciones entre enero de 2014 y agosto de 2025 en Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO y Redib. De los 281 registros identificados, 52 estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad y se incluyeron en la síntesis temática y el análisis bibliométrico. La evidencia se clasificó como directa, indirecta, transferida desde compuestos convencionales o habilitadora desde el punto de vista metodológico. Los resultados revelan una base experimental limitada, una marcada heterogeneidad en las probetas y los protocolos de ensayo, una validación insuficiente de los modelos numéricos y pocos criterios predictivos calibrados para defectos inducidos por la impresión. Los enfoques de elementos finitos, multiescala y aprendizaje automático muestran potencial, pero requieren verificación sistemática, validación experimental y análisis de sensibilidad. Se propone una representación local σ₁₁–τ₁₂ como marco comprobable para construir envolventes de falla físicamente interpretables; su ventaja comparativa aún no ha sido demostrada. Las investigaciones futuras deberían priorizar la estandarización experimental, la trazabilidad de los datos, la validación de modelos y la evaluación ambiental.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Octavio Andrés González-Estrada, José David Pérez-Ruiz, David Fernando Santamaría Maldonado
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