A forest fire monitoring and detection system based on wireless sensor networks


Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.24784

Keywords:

Arduino, Forest fires, Rapsberry pi, Wireless sensor networks, Zigbee

Abstract

Global climate change is affecting Earth in various ways, including glacial detachment, sea-level rise, and more intense heat waves, which in turn contribute to fires in areas rich in flora and fauna, causing erosion and changes in plant and animal ranges. Despite international efforts to mitigate climate change, the problem remains uncontrolled in many areas. In this study, a forest fire monitoring and early warning system is proposed. It is based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) that measures the environment to detect and prevent fires in rural areas. The WSN uses open-access technologies and the Zigbee standard for radiofrequency communication and sends collected data to a web server via GPRS and TCP/IP protocol. The WSN's performance is evaluated using two metrics: data transmission rate and time delay. The WSN achieved an average success rate of data transmission greater than 86% with an average time delay of less than 500 milliseconds in all tests, demonstrating the potential of WSNs as near real-time forest fire detection systems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

M. Roelfsema et al., "Taking stock of national climate policies to evaluate implementation of the Paris Agreement," Nat. Commun., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 2096, Dec. 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15414-6.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15414-6

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, "State of the Climate: Global Climate Report for Annual 2020," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/202013.

S. Gupta, A. Roy, D. Bhavsar, R. Kala, S. Singh, and A. S. Kumar, "Forest Fire Burnt Area Assessment in the Biodiversity Rich Regions Using Geospatial Technology: Uttarakhand Forest Fire Event 2016," J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 945-955, Jun. 2018, DOI: 10.1007/s12524-018-0757-3.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-018-0757-3

J. A. Castro Correa, S. B. Sepúlveda Mora, B. Medina Delgado, and D. Guevara Ibarra, "Servicio web para la geolocalización de los vehículos de transporte público en la ciudad de Cúcuta," Respuestas, vol. 23, no. S1, pp. 29-37, Jul. 2018, DOI: 10.22463/0122820X.1498.

https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.1498

S. Li, L. Da Xu, and S. Zhao, "5G Internet of Things: A survey," J. Ind. Inf. Integr., vol. 10, pp. 1-9, Jun. 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.jii.2018.01.005.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2018.01.005

J. S. Rueda and J. M. Talavera Portocarrero, "Similitudes y diferencias entre Redes de Sensores Inalámbricas e Internet de las Cosas: Hacia una postura clarificadora," Rev. Colomb. Comput., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 58-74, Dec. 2017, DOI: 10.29375/25392115.3218.

https://doi.org/10.29375/25392115.3218

J. H. Nord, A. Koohang, and J. Paliszkiewicz, "The Internet of Things: Review and theoretical framework," Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 133, pp. 97-108, Nov. 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2019.05.014.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.05.014

P. Cardullo and R. Kitchin, "Smart urbanism and smart citizenship: The neoliberal logic of 'citizen-focused' smart cities in Europe," Environ. Plan. C Polit. Sp., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 813-830, Aug. 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0263774X18806508.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X18806508

M. Husár, V. Ondrejička, and S. C. Varış, "Smart Cities and the Idea of Smartness in Urban Development - A Critical Review," IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 245, no. 8, p. 082008, Oct. 2017, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/245/8/082008.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/245/8/082008

V. Dubey, P. Kumar, and N. Chauhan, "Forest Fire Detection System Using IoT and Artificial Neural Network," in International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications, 2019, pp. 323-337.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2324-9_33

J. Granda Cantuna, D. Bastidas, S. Solorzano, and J.-M. Clairand, "Design and implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network to detect forest fires," in 2017 Fourth International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), Apr. 2017, pp. 15-21, DOI: 10.1109/ICEDEG.2017.7962508.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDEG.2017.7962508

R. Sharma, S. Prakash, and P. Roy, "Methodology, Applications, and Challenges of WSN-IoT," in 2020 International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICE3), Feb. 2020, pp. 502-507, DOI: 10.1109/ICE348803.2020.9122891.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE348803.2020.9122891

A. D. Salman, O. I. Khalaf, and G. M. Abdulsaheb, "An adaptive intelligent alarm system for wireless sensor network," Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 142, Jul. 2019, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp142-147.

https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp142-147

Y. Liu, Y. Liu, H. Xu, and K. L. Teo, "Forest fire monitoring, detection and decision making systems by wireless sensor network," in 2018 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC), Jun. 2018, pp. 5482-5486, DOI: 10.1109/CCDC.2018.8408086.

https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2018.8408086

R. E. Mohamed, A. I. Saleh, M. Abdelrazzak, and A. S. Samra, "Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Applications and Energy Efficient Routing Protocols," Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 1019-1055, Jul. 2018, DOI: 10.1007/s11277-018-5747-9.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5747-9

B. Kadri, B. Bouyeddou, and D. Moussaoui, "Early Fire Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Networks," in 2018 International Conference on Applied Smart Systems (ICASS), Nov. 2018, pp. 1-4, DOI: 10.1109/ICASS.2018.8651977.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASS.2018.8651977

L. Shkurti, X. Bajrami, E. Canhasi, B. Limani, S. Krrabaj, and A. Hulaj, "Development of ambient environmental monitoring system through wireless sensor network (WSN) using NodeMCU and 'WSN monitoring,'" in 2017 6th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), Jun. 2017, pp. 1-5, DOI: 10.1109/MECO.2017.7977235.

https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO.2017.7977235

P. K. Singh and A. Sharma, "An insight to forest fire detection techniques using wireless sensor networks," in 2017 4th International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC), Sep. 2017, pp. 647-653, DOI: 10.1109/ISPCC.2017.8269757.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPCC.2017.8269757

S. Abdullah, S. Bertalan, S. Masar, A. Coskun, and I. Kale, "A wireless sensor network for early forest fire detection and monitoring as a decision factor in the context of a complex integrated emergency response system," in 2017 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), Jul. 2017, pp. 1-5, DOI: 10.1109/EESMS.2017.8052688.

https://doi.org/10.1109/EESMS.2017.8052688

S. Gupta and L. Doshi, "An Acknowledgement Based System for Forest Fire Detection via Leach Algorithm," in 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), Oct. 2017, pp. 17-21, DOI: 10.1109/CINE.2017.16.

https://doi.org/10.1109/CINE.2017.16

J. M. Celis-Peñaranda, C. D. Escobar-Amado, S. B. Sepúlveda-Mora, S. A. Castro-Casadiego, B. Medina-Delgado, and D. Guevara-Ibarra, "Design of a Wireless Sensor Network for Optimal Deployment of Sensor Nodes in a Cocoa Crop," TecnoLógicas, vol. 23, no. 47, pp. 121-136, Jan. 2020, DOI: 10.22430/22565337.1361.

https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.1361

C. D. Escobar-Amado, J. M. Celis-Peñaranda, S. B. Sepúlveda-Mora, S. A. Castro-Casadiego, B. Medina-Delgado, and D. Guevara-Ibarra, "Adaptive nodes algorithm to solve the orphan nodes problem in a ZigBee Tree WSN," Ingeniare. Rev. Chil. Ing., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 285-296, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.ingeniare.cl/index.php?option=com_ingeniare&view=d&doc=109/08-ESCOBAR_V.-29-2_3.pdf&aid=853&vid=109&lang=es.

https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052021000200285

W. Lei and D. Zhiqiang, "Modeling and simulation of forest fire detection and fire spread," in 2017 2nd International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM), Aug. 2017, pp. 65-69, DOI: 10.1109/ICARM.2017.8273136.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARM.2017.8273136

O. Y. Monroy-García, D. C. Rolón-Quintero, and S. B. Sepúlveda-Mora, "Sistema Inalámbrico Modular de Bajo Costo para Supervisar Variables Ambientales en Invernaderos: Un Respaldo al Agricultor de Pequeña Escala - Low-Cost Modular Wireless System to Monitor Greenhouse Environmental Variables: A Small-Scale Farmer Support," Rev. Científica, vol. 2, no. 29, p. 149, May 2017, DOI: 10.14483//udistrital.jour.RC.2017.29.a5.

https://doi.org/10.14483//udistrital.jour.RC.2017.29.a5

S. B. Sepulveda Mora, J. A. Castro Correa, B. Medina Delgado, D. Guevara Ibarra, and O. A. Lopez Bustamente, "Sistema de Geolocalización de Vehículos a través de la red GSM/GPRS y tecnología Arduino," Rev. EIA, vol. 16, no. 31, pp. 145-157, Jan. 2019, DOI: 10.24050/reia.v16i31.1269.

https://doi.org/10.24050/reia.v16i31.1269

L. Alazzawi and A. Elkateeb, "Performance Evaluation of the WSN Routing Protocols Scalability," J. Comput. Syst. Networks, Commun., vol. 2008, pp. 1-9, 2008, DOI: 10.1155/2008/481046.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/481046

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

Castro Correa, J. A., Sepúlveda Mora, S. B., Medina Delgado, B., Escobar Amado, C. D., & Guevara Ibarra, D. (2022). A forest fire monitoring and detection system based on wireless sensor networks. Scientia Et Technica, 27(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.24784

Issue

Section

Eléctrica