The South American political map: some debates and lectures about its recent reconfigurations

Abstract

This article attempts to systematize a set of researches and interpretations, coming from social sciences, which tends to analyze the South American´s political map trough over the last two decades. To do this, we realize an extensive, but not exhaustive, bibliographic review. It considers those texts that focus on the characterization and classification of the collectivity of Southamerican Governments and takes part on the debates about the magnitude of the changes achieved. The beginnings of the new century showed the emergence and consolidation of Governments which represent a “left turn”, taking distance from the neoliberal precepts and making an approach with popular mobilization. Many discussions have been established about the best ways of nominating this new cycle; however, “progressive” governments seem to be losing territory and strength. In front of the “right turn” advance, from 2015 until our days, new questions and challenges have recurrently appeared on the researchers analyzed.