Mechanical and durability performance of lightweight concrete (LWC) from colombian thermally expanded clay aggregates
Comportamiento mecánico y de durabilidad de concreto ligero (CL) con agregados de arcilla colombiana expandida térmicamente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.24726Keywords:
Chloride penetration resistance, Colombian thermally expanded clay, Compressive strength, Concrete, Lightweight concrete (LWC), Durability, Mechanical propertiesAbstract
Lightweight concrete (LWC) has become an outstanding material in the construction sector to conform non-structural and structural members into buildings. Expanded clay aggregate is a special type of lightweight aggregate formed by heating clay with little lime content, having low unit weight, high durability, and mechanical strength. Despite the massive use of the expanded clay lightweight aggregate worldwide, their use in the Colombian context is still limited. This research reports the characterization of the behavior of lightweight concrete from Colombian expanded clay aggregates. Experimental tests on fresh and hardened state (compressive strength, apparent density, and chloride migration) were carried out on lightweight concrete added Colombian expanded clay aggregate. It was found that the inclusion of up to 50% of the Colombian expanded clay aggregate causes a 15% workability decrease, 36% compressive strength decrease, 22% apparent density decrease as well as 34% decrease in the chloride migration coefficient of the lightweight concrete. In the same way, the lightweight concrete added with 50% of Colombian expanded clay aggregate meets the lightweight concrete requirements prescribed by the ACI 318 building code in terms of compressive strength, and unit weight. From the results, it is concluded that the use of Colombian expanded clay aggregate added up to 50% by weight of conventional aggregate is feasible to manufacture structural lightweight concrete.
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References
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[18] ASTM International, ASTM C143 / C143M-15: Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic - Cement Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015.
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[20] ASTM International, ASTM C642-13: Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
[21] Nordtest Method, NT BUILD 492: Concrete, mortar and cement-based repair materials: Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments., Espoo, 1999.
[22] J. Chai-Lee, P. Shafigh and S. Bahri, "Comparative study of mechanical properties for substitution of normal weight coarse aggregate with oil-palm-boiler clinker and lightweight expanded clay aggregate concretes," Journal of Design and Built Environment, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1-17, 2019. DOI: 10.22452/jdbe.vol19no3.7
[23] R. Wang, M. Ren, X. Gao and L. Qin, "Preparation and properties of fatty acids based thermal energy storage aggregate concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 165, pp. 1-10, 20 March 2018. DOI: 0.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.034
[24] A. Nahhab and A. Ketab, "Influence of content and maximum size of light expanded clay aggregate on the fresh, strength, and durability properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete reinforced with micro steel fibers," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 233, pp. 1-14, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117922
[25] R. Vijayalakshmi and S. Ramanagopal, "Structural concrete using expanded clay aggregate: A review," Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 11, pp. 1-12, April 2018. DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i16/121888
[26] A. Ketab and A. Nahhab, "The performance of self-consolidating concretes with lightweight aggregates," TEST Engineering & Management, vol. 83, p. 14920–14932, 2020.
[27] S. Chung, M. Elrahman and D. Stephan, "Effect of Different Gradings of Lightweight Aggregates on the Properties of Concrete," Applied Sciences, vol. 7, pp. 1-15, 2017. DOI: 10.3390/app7060585
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[30] K. Heiza, F. Eid and T. Masoud, "Flexure behavior of light weight self compacting reinforced concrete slabs with light expanded clay aggregate (leca) exposed to high temperatures.," Ninth Conference of Sustainable Environmental Development, pp. 1-15, 2017.
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[32] P. Kumar and R. Pannem, "Packing density of self compacting concrete using normal and lightweight aggregates," International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, p. 1156–1166, 2017.
[33] S. Nawel, L. Mounir and H. Hedi, "Characterisation of lightweight concrete of Tunisian expanded clay: mechanical and durability study," European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 21, pp. 670-695, 2016. DOI: 10.1080/19648189.2016.1150893
[34] T. Wu, H. Wei, X. Liu and G. Xing, "Factors influencing the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete," Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 301-311, 2016.
[35] J.A. Bogas, A. Carriço and J. Pontes, "Influence of cracking on the capillary absorption and carbonation of structural lightweight aggregate concrete," Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 104, pp. 1-11, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103382
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[37] M. Dilli, H. Atahan and C. Sengül, "A comparison of strength and elastic properties between conventional and lightweight structural concretes designed with expanded clay aggregates," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 101, pp. 260-267, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.080
[38] T. Sonia and R. Subashini, "Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of light weight concrete using leca.," International Journal of Science and Research, vol. 5, pp. 1511-1514, 2016.
[39] A. Paul and M. Lopez, "Assessing lightweight aggregate efficiency for maximizing internal curing performance.," ACI Materials Journal, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 385-393, 2011.
[40] P. Kulkarni and A. Muthadhi, "Improving thermal and mechanical property of lightweight concrete using N-butyl stearate/expanded clay aggregate with alccofine1203," International Journal of Engineering, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1842-1851, 2020. DOI: 10.5829/IJE.2020.33.10A.03
[41] S. Sindhuja, K. Raman and P. Bhuvaneshwari, "A review on strength characteristics of GGBS based fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete," Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 872, pp. 1-9, 2020. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012135
[42] A. Bhogayata, S. Dave and N. Arora, "Utilization of expanded clay aggregates in sustainable lightweight geopolymer concrete," Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, vol. 22, p. 1780–1792, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s10163-020-01066-7
[43] R. Priyanga, L. Rajeshwari and V. Baskars, "Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of lightweight concrete using leca and steel scraps," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, No. Special Issue, pp. 594-598, 2017.
[44] O. Ünal, T. Uygunoğlu and A. Yildiz, "Investigation of properties of low-strength lightweight concrete for thermal insulation," Building and Environment, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 584-590, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.024
[45] A. Devecioglu and Y. Biçer, "The effects of tragacanth addition on the thermal and mechanical properties of lightweight concretes mixed with expanded clay," Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 45-50, 2016. DOI: 10.3311/PPci.7984
[46] M. Ibrahim, A. Ahmad, M. Barry, L. Alhems and A. Suhoothi, "Durability of structural lightweight concrete containing expanded perlite aggregate," International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, vol. 14, no. 50, pp. 1-15, 2020. DOI: 10.1186/s40069-020-00425-w
[47] E. Monahan, "Weight-credit foundation construction using artificial fills (with discussion and closure)," Transportation Research Record, no. 1422, pp. 1-6, 1993.
[48] M. Abdelfattah, I. Kocserha and R. Géber, "Effect of firing on mineral phases and properties of lightweight expanded clay aggregates," MultiScience - XXXIII. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference, pp. 1-9, 2019. DOI: 10.26649/musci.2019.080
[49] L. Ming, A. Sandu, H. Yong, Y. Tajunnisa, S. Azzahran, R. Bayuji, M. Abdullah, P. Vizureanu, K. Hussin, T. Jin and F. Loong, "Compressive strength and thermal conductivity of fly ash geopolymer concrete incorporated with lightweight aggregate,expanded clay aggregate and foaming agent," Revista de Chimie, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 4021- 4028, 2019. DOI: 10.37358/RC.70.19.11.7695
[50] P. Pradeep, Beenamol and H. Nair, "Effect of pre-soaked light expanded clay aggregate on strength, durability and flexural behaviour of high-performance concrete," Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 2629-2642, 2019.
[51] D. Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, "Scaling resistance of high performance concretes containing a small portion of pre-wetted lightweight fine aggregate," Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 709-715, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.11.001
[52] P. Vosoughi, Improving engineering properties of cement-based materials by internal curing (thesis), Ames: Iowa State University, 2019, pp. 1-119.
[53] C. Muñoz-Ruiperez, A. Rodríguez, S. Gutiérrez-González and V. Calderón, "Lightweight masonry mortars made with expanded clay and recycled aggregates," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 118, pp. 139-145, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.065
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2022-09-30
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Higuera-Flórez, C., Cárdenas-Pulido, J., & Vargas-Aguilar, A. (2022). Mechanical and durability performance of lightweight concrete (LWC) from colombian thermally expanded clay aggregates: Comportamiento mecánico y de durabilidad de concreto ligero (CL) con agregados de arcilla colombiana expandida térmicamente . Scientia Et Technica, 27(3), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.24726
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